Serovar profiling of Haemophilus parasuis on Australian farms by sampling live pigs

Objective Investigate the diversity of serovars of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) present in Australian pig herds. Design Nasal swabs were used to obtain multiple isolates of Hps, which were grouped first by genotyping and then by serotyping representative isolates. Procedure Swabs were taken from the nasal cavity of just-weaned healthy pigs from multiparous sows on 12 farms and from post-weaned pigs of multiparous sows on 1 farm. On 5 of the 13 farms, nasal swabs were also obtained from pigs showing clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. On a further 7 farms, nasal swabs were obtained only from pigs with clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. Results A total of 556 Hps isolates were genotyped, and 150 isolates were serotyped. Hps was detected on 19 of the 20 farms, including 2 farms with a long history of freedom from Glässer's disease. Isolates of Hps belonging to serovars regarded as potentially pathogenic were obtained from healthy pigs at weaning on 8 of the 10 farms with a history of Glässer's disease outbreaks. Sampling 213 sick pigs yielded 115 isolates of Hps, 99 of which belonged to serovars that were either potentially pathogenic or of unknown pathogenicity. Only 16 isolates from these 213 sick pigs were of a serovar known to be non-pathogenic. Conclusion Healthy pigs contain a range of Hps serovars, even on farms free of Glässer's disease. Nasal swabbing of both healthy and sick pigs seems a useful method of serovar profiling of farms.     

猪宰后肌肉SOD与MDA的变化及其对肉质特性的影响

以莱芜猪(24头)、鲁莱黑猪(24头)和大约克夏猪(12头)共60头去势公猪为试验对象,研究宰后肌肉SOD活性与MDA含量的变化及其对肉质特性的影响。结果表明:①猪宰后肌肉随贮存时间的延长,肌肉SOD活性逐渐下降,MDA含量则逐渐上升;不同品种猪间的SOD活性和MDA含量,除MDA5 d差异不显著外(P0.05),其余均具有极显著的差异(P0.01),并且SOD活性始终是莱芜猪鲁莱黑猪大约克夏猪,MDA含量则是莱芜猪鲁莱黑猪大约克夏猪。②在肉质特性方面,不同品种猪间的肉色、滴水损失、系水率、烹饪损失、肌内脂肪(IMF)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量具有极显著的差异(P0.01),与大约克夏猪相比,莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪肌肉具有鲜红的肉色、良好的持水性能、较丰富的IMF含量和较低的PUFA含量。③猪宰后肌肉SOD、MDA与持水性能、肉色、嫩度等重要肉质性状间存在不同程度的显著相关,证明SOD活性越高和MDA含量越低的肌肉,其系水力越高、肉色越鲜艳,并且肉质越细嫩。研究结果提示:猪宰后肌肉SOD通过消除或降低氧自由基而抑制脂质氧化,参与调控了肉质特性的形成。     

重庆地区表观健康猪中猪链球菌的检测

本研究旨在调查重庆地区表观健康猪的猪链球菌带菌情况,并揭示健康猪群携带猪链球菌的公共卫生学意义。随机采集重庆市17个区县(市)定点屠宰场表观健康猪的腭扁桃体1 360份,进行猪链球菌的分离鉴定,并对致病性较强的1、2、7、9、14型及1/2型进行分型与毒力因子分析。结果共分离到225株猪链球菌,分离率为16.54%;检出猪链球菌2型4株,猪链球菌7型3株,猪链球菌9型3株,猪链球菌1/2型1株;毒力因子谱分析发现多数(10/11)分离株缺失部分毒力因子,但也存在具有全部已知毒力因子的强毒株,且在国内首次检出小片段mrp型猪链球菌1/2型1株和7型2株。结果提示,重庆地区健康猪群带菌现象普遍,且流行菌株具有与国外不同的特点,对屠宰场工作人员健康造成威胁。     

Supplementation of diets for lactating sows with zinc amino acid complex and gastric nutriment‐intubation of suckling pigs with zinc methionine on mineral status,intestinal morphology and bacterial translocation in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged weaned pigs

Sixty‐four pigs from 16 sows were used to evaluate addition of zinc amino acid complex (ZnAA) to lactating sows and gastric nutriment‐intubation of zinc methionine (ZnMet) to suckling pigs on mineral status, intestinal morphology and bacterial translocation after weaning. Sows were fed a barley‐based diet supplying 120 ppm zinc (Zn; control) or the control diet supplemented with 240 ppm Zn from ZnAA. At birth, day‐10 and day‐21 (weaning) of age, pigs from each litter were nutriment‐intubated with 5 ml of an electrolyte solution without or with 40 mg Zn from ZnMet. At weaning, 24 h prior to the collection of small and large intestinal lymph nodes and sections of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the pigs received an intramuscular injection of saline without or with 150 μg/kg body weight of Escherichia coli O26:B6 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). With the exception of a tendency (p = 0.09) for lower serum concentration of copper in pigs at weaning from ZnAA‐supplemented sows, there were no differences (p > 0.1) than for pigs from control‐fed sows for mineral status or intestinal morphology. Nutriment‐intubation of ZnMet increased serum (p = 0.001) and liver (p = 0.003) Zn concentrations, number of goblet cells per 250 μm length of jejunal villous epithelium (p = 0.001) and tended (p = 0.06) to enhance jejunum mucosa thickness. Interactive effects (p < 0.05) for higher jejunal villi height and villi:crypt ratio and increased ileal goblet cell counts were apparent for pigs from ZnAA‐supplemented sows that also received nutriment‐intubation of ZnMet. Challenge with LPS increased (p = 0.05) ileal villous width. Nutriment‐intubation of ZnMet decreased (p = 0.05) anaerobic bacteria colony forming unit counts in the large intestinal mesenteric lymph nodes. In conclusion, nutriment‐intubation of ZnMet increased serum and liver tissue concentrations of Zn and resulted in limited improvement to intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.     

不同比例有机锌与无机锌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同配合比例的锌氨基酸螯合物(Zn-AAC)与硫酸锌(ZnSO4)对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选用45头28日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头仔猪,基础日粮相同,分别接受锌添加量相同(100mg/kg)但有机锌和无机锌配合比例不同的处理日粮,对照组锌100%由ZnSO4提供,其余4组分别用Zn-AAC取代对照组锌添加量的40%、60%、80%和100%。试验期28 d,包括前期(1~14 d)和后期(15~28 d)2个阶段。结果表明,与对照组(无机锌100%)相比,有机锌分别取代无机锌的40%、60%、80%和100%,试验前期平均日增重(ADG)分别提高22.0%(P0.05)、38.5%(P0.01)、32.6%(P0.05)、26.2%(P0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)分别增加24.6%(P0.05)、25.3%(P0.05)、23.5%(P0.05)、23.8%(P0.05);试验后期所有含有机锌组的ADFI增加(P0.05);整个试验期,含有机锌60%组的ADG高于对照组(P0.01),各组间饲料转换效率(FCR)差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,断奶仔猪日粮补充常规剂量的锌,有机锌与无机锌比较,能够提高仔猪ADG和ADFI;有机锌与无机锌合用的饲喂效果优于单一使用,其最佳配合比例为60%有机锌加40%无机锌。     

玉米酒精糟的营养价值及其对生长育肥猪肉品质的影响

玉米酒精糟(corn distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)是燃料乙醇工厂以玉米为原料发酵生产酒精的副产品,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、有效磷和维生素,是一种良好的饲料原料。近年来,随着燃料乙醇工厂数量的增多、规模的扩大及加工工艺的改进,玉米DDGS的产量和质量也不断提高,并且被越来越多地用于养猪生产中。但是其中过高的脂肪含量,特别是不饱和脂肪酸,导致生长育肥猪的肉品质下降,对猪肉的货架期及深加工造成了一定的负面影响。作者综述了玉米DDGS的营养价值及其对猪肉品质的影响。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对生长肥育猪生产性能

摘要：试验旨在研究日粮中添加纳米载铜蒙脱石对生长育肥猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。选取72头健康“杜×大×长”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头(公母各半)。分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）、基础日粮+20 mg/kg泰乐菌素+100 mg/kg磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)（试验Ⅰ组）和基础日粮+1500 mg/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石（MMT-Cu）（试验Ⅱ组）。比较研究MMT-Cu和泰乐菌素＋磺胺二甲基嘧啶对生长肥育猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组料重比、血清ALB、SUN、Ch、TP含量极显著下降(P<0.01);血钙含量、GTP活性极显著提高（P<0.01）;TP和GLU含量显著下降 (P<0.05)。因此,纳米载铜蒙脱石提高了生长肥育猪的料重比,并对血清中ALB 、Ca、GPT、SUN、TG、Ch、TP、GLU均产生不同程度的影响。     

呕吐毒素不同给药方式对猪血常规指标的影响

呕吐毒素(vomitoxin,VT)是目前全球谷物污染最严重的真菌毒素之一,易感动物中以猪最为敏感。本研究以呕吐毒素标准品为原料,通过灌胃和静脉注射2种给药途径,研究该毒素对猪体内血常规指标的影响。结果表明,灌喂组血常规检测值中,猪血红细胞压积(HCT)在12、24 h时极显著低于给药前(P0.01);血红蛋白(HGB)、血红细胞压积(HCT)均低于给药前,在0.33、1、2 h时显著低于给药前(P0.05);红细胞数(RBC)、血小板(PLT)总数与给药前相比无显著差异(P0.05)。注射组中,白细胞数(WBC)、红细胞数(RBC)、血小板(PLT)数与给药前相比无显著差异(P0.05);血红细胞压积(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)均低于给药前,分别在0.170、.33 h显著低于给药前(P0.05),在其它时间点,血红细胞压积和血红蛋白则均极显著低于给药前(P0.01)。呕吐毒素不同给药方式对猪血常规指标无显著影响(P0.05)。     

茶籽提取物对生长猪生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响

试验选用体重相近([31.03±2.13)kg]的长×大健康阉公猪20头,按照体重随机分为2个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头,采用FIRE全自动生长性能测定系统对试验猪生长性能进行精确化测定,用茶籽提取物和抗生素进行饲养对比试验,试验期48d。其中抗生素组为基础日粮添加120mg/kg的吉他霉素(50%),试验组为基础日粮添加600mg/kg的茶籽提取物。结果表明:与抗生素组相比,茶籽提取物组生长猪的平均日增重提高了4.7%,平均日采食量提高了4.5%,料重比降低了4.2%;血清超氧化物歧化酶活力提高了9.9%,总抗氧化能力提高了13.1%,丙二醛含量降低了4.8%。试验提示,生长猪日粮中用600mg/kg的茶籽提取物取代抗生素,生长猪的生长性能得到改善,抗氧化能力得到增强。     

高温高湿环境对生长猪生长性能、血浆皮质醇浓度和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究高温高湿环境对生长猪生长性能、血浆皮质醇浓度和免疫功能的影响.试验采用2×2双因子完全随机设计,2个温度水平[23和33℃],2个湿度水平(相对湿度为55%和80%).选取体蕈为(30.00±1.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪24头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪.试验持续14 d.结果表明:1)环境温度显著影响平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),环境湿度显著影响平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),高温和高湿均使生长性能降低,而温度和湿度的交互作用对生长性能的影响不显著(P>0.05).2)环境温度显著影响第1天(P<0.01)、第7天(P<0.05)血浆皮质醇浓度,高温引起第1天皮质醇浓度升高,第7天降低.环境温度显著影响第7天的白细胞总数(P<0.05),第1天的中性粒细胞数及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞(N/L)值(P<0.01),第1天、第7天的B淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),第14天的CD4+细胞数及CD4+/CD8+值(P<0.05).高温引起第7天的白细胞总数减少,第1天的中性粒细胞数及N/L值升高,第1天、第7天的B淋巴细胞转化率升高,第14天的CD4+细胞数及CD4+/CD8+值降低,湿度以及温度和湿度的交互作用对血浆皮质醇浓度和免疫功能的影响均不显著(P>0.05).结果提示,环境高温、高湿均显著降低猪的生长性能,持续高温能显著降低猪的细胞免疫功能,进而引起抗病力下降.